{"id":13096,"date":"2021-11-16T11:06:12","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T09:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/?post_type=sansimera&#038;p=13096"},"modified":"2022-01-03T20:57:35","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T18:57:35","slug":"gennithike-o-jean-hoerni-enas-apo-toys-pateres-toy-transistor-me-syneisfora-kai-sti-dimioyrgia-toy-chip","status":"publish","type":"sansimera","link":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/en\/sansimera\/gennithike-o-jean-hoerni-enas-apo-toys-pateres-toy-transistor-me-syneisfora-kai-sti-dimioyrgia-toy-chip\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bf Jean Hoerni, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 transistor \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 chip"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O Jean Hoerni, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 transistor \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 chip, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u00ab\u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u00bb \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac!<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 -\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2- \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c7\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f Hoerni \u03c4\u03bf 1959 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 planar, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Robert Noyce \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1, \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (chip). \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf chip.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f Hoerni \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 26 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1924 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Cambridge.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1952, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397.\u03a0.\u0391. \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd William Shockley (\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 Bell), \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039b\u03af\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf Shockley \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Hoerni \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Beckman Instruments.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Shockley \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u00bb (Hoerni, Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Sheldon Roberts) \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 Fairchild Semiconductor.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1958, \u03bf Hoerni \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Electrochemical Society, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03bf Mohamed Atalla (\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 Bell Labs) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u00bb \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd p\u2013n junction \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf.<br \/>\n\u039f Hoerni \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 planar process \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03af \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Atalla \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1959, \u03bf Hoerni, \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 planar process.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 planar process \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Robert Noyce. \u039f Noyce \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Hoerni \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1, \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1961, \u03bf Hoerni, \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u00ab\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb Jay Last \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Sheldon Roberts, \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 Amelco (\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 Teledyne).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1964, \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 Union Carbide Electronics \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1967 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Intersil, \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae chip CMOS \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>To 1969, \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf Franklin \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf Edward Longstreth. \u03a4\u03bf 1972 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf McDowell.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf Hoerni \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac Karakoram \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ce\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f Hoerni \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Greg Mortenson (\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc Korphe, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 30.000$.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1996, \u03bf Hoerni \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 1.000.000 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u039f Hoerni \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Greg Mortenson \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f Hoerni \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 72 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u0390\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 12 \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1997 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bb \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039f\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>#recall_memory #hellenicITmuseum #elmp #museum #technologymuseum #todayintechhistory #transistor #inventor #planarprocess #JeanHoerni<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.computer.org\/profiles\/jean-hoerni\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/history\/machines\/736-kilby-a-noyce.html?start=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":13121,"menu_order":608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-13096","sansimera","type-sansimera","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","sansimeracategory-september"],"acf":[],"sansimeracategory":"\u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2","sansimeradate":"09\/26\/1924","sansimerayear":"1924","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sansimera\/13096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sansimera"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/sansimera"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13096"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sansimera\/13096\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elmp.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}